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 "You must never
 forget who you are, who your people are, or where you came from.
 Even as you learn the new and strange ways of the white man--and
 you must be a good student of him and his ways--you are one of
 us, and you will always be one of us."
 
 --Nicolai talking to his grandsons at the Spirit Camp of Taral,
 1910
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 The changes caused by the enormously rich
 copper mine and its railroad forced Nicolai to reexamine the
 core of his traditional spiritual beliefs.  He could no
 longer look at his Creator in the same comfortable way, for the
 chief's very basic assumptions had been severely challenged by
 the disruptive transformations brought on by Birch and his railroad.A mixed ore and freight
 train sits at the Chitina depot, ready to resume the trip to the
 Cordova wharf.  In the rear is a combination baggage and
 passenger car.  --Candy Waugaman Collection
 
 
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 The fog and mist lay heavily over Town Lake. As Johnny walked down the
 hill from his village just west of the main town, he could only see the
 dark outlines of the the depot building and its nearby warehouse. On the
 siding behind the depot, he could hear the small Kennecott Local No. 74
 private train locomotive quietly chugging away. The engineer was heating
 up the boiler so he would be ready to leave once the Chitina Local ore
 train arrived from Kennecott.
 
 The entire party was housed at Breedman’s Hotel Chitina--the town’s
 first-class lodging. Johnny speculated that they were probably already
 enjoying an omelet breakfast. He soon found himself wishing that he too
 could be part of the elite so he could have a decent breakfast.
 
 
 The other two sizable lodging establishments, the Overland Hotel and the
 Commercial Hotel were for working men. The three-story Overland was in
 the middle block while the two-story Commercial was at the western end
 of Main Street.
 
 
 It was about ten minutes before eight. Johnny had no intention of being
 late for his appointment with Superintendent Hansen, who the Great Man
 had said would be waiting for him at the depot. Because no trains were
 due for hours, Johnny expected to find the station empty except for the
 station master and the superintendent.
 
 
 The Native hill road ended at Fairbanks Avenue, then it veered over
 toward Main Street, which was the small business district. He stopped at
 Jack Palmer’s Place in the Commercial Hotel to grab a quick cup of Hills
 Brothers. Several of the local railroad depot crew members were sitting
 at the counter sipping coffee when he entered.
 
 
 
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 Looking north,
 down Main Street, on the right is the Commercial Hotel,
 including Jack Palmer's Place.  The taller dark-colored
 building on the left is the Overland Hotel. In the distance, the
 second story of the Hotel Chitina is visible.  Behind the
 Commercial Hotel is the depot. Two passenger cars and a caboose
 are on the rear siding.  Town Lake is just to the right of
 the coaches.  --UAF Frederick Mears Collection,
 84-75-409
 
 
 
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 “Johnny, you’re down early.”
 
 
 “Tom, I didn’t expect to see you here either. I think I’ve got a job.”
 
 
 Tom’s expression showed a combination of surprise and then pleasure.
 
 
 “No kidding? Your grandfather came through for you, didn’t he?”
 
 
 “He did? Is that what happened?”
 
 
 “Never underestimate the ways of the wily old Nicolai. He has power few
 appreciate. Don’t know how he does it, but he somehow makes things
 happen.”
 
 
 Johnny’s eyes widened when he realized what had occurred the night
 before.
 
 “Grandfather set me up.”
 
 
 “Great old man, isn’t he? Don’t waste your chance, Johnny. Not many in
 their lifetime get the opportunity you just did.”
 
 
 “You know?”
 
 
 “About the offer for more education? Don’t blow it. You don’t have to
 sell out to them to get what you want and what we need. You’re Indian
 first. Remember that.”
 
 
 Another railroad worker, a white man named Jennings looked up at Johnny
 and nodded before returning to whatever he was reading. Johnny left the
 restaurant with a greater appreciation of the skill and power which his
 grandfather quietly yielded.
 
 
 
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 |  | The track south of Chitina approached the town just to the west of Spirit
 Rock, the 600-foot-tall hill which dominated the southern view
 of Chitina, directly across Town Lake.  The periphery of
 Town Lake became the turnaround, making it possible by 1915 to
 simultaneously run two trains headed in different directions
 safely, since the meeting place was almost always Chitina.
 
 
 Overview of
 Chitina.  The Hotel Chitina is the large, two-story
 structure in the center-left.  Spirit Rock overlooks Town Lake
 and the railroad turnaround.  --Clara Rust
 Collection, 67-110-257, UAF AK & Polar Regions Dept.
 
 
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 The chilly air was more evident as he approached the lake. Soon the fog
 would lift, undoubtedly to reveal another warm and bright summer day,
 but right now it felt like fall. He entered the station by way of the
 rear door to the waiting room on the back end. George Brown was stoking
 up the fire in the large room to ward off the chill. He glanced up at
 the Regulator clock as Johnny entered, noting the time as eight sharp.
 
 
 
 “Good morning, Johnny. Glad to see ya. You’re right on time. That’s
 good. Mr. Hansen, our railroad superintendent from Cordova, is in my
 office in the back. Come on in.”
 
 
 
 They were not expecting me to be on time at all. After all, I’m one of
 those lowly Indian half-breeds. At least, I’ll bet that’s what they’re
 thinking.
 
 
 
 The superintendent was at the stationmaster’s desk looking over some
 reports.
 
 
 “Mr. Hansen, this is Johnny Gadanski.”
 
 
 “You may sit down, Mr. Gadanski. I have been told to see about finding
 you work. We have an opening at Cascade, which is a section house south
 of Tiekel near our long tunnel. It has a crew of four this time of the
 year and six in the winter when our requirements are greater. It’s
 demanding work. You want it?”
 
 
 
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 Early view of Main Street, Chitina, showing Schapp's Hardware, which is now
 Spirit Mountain Artworks, plus the bakery shop and the Overland Hotel, both of
 which burned down about 1917. --courtesy of the late Bruce Haldeman
 
 
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 “Yes, sir. I want to be part of this railroad.”
 
 
 “Very good. Mr. Birch recommended you highly. We want to keep him happy,
 you know. It is also important that you need to keep us at the company
 happy.
 
 
 “This railroading is tough business. Most of our crew is Irish and some
 of them don’t think much of Indians or half-breeds. They’re a tough
 bunch. You have to be at least as tough as they are. They’ll put you to
 the test. If I were you, I’d always be sure to put out more of an effort
 than they do. That’s not easy. They’ll try to work you to death as it
 is.”
 
 
 Johnny thought about that for a moment. It sounded no different than
 when he was growing up among the full-blooded brothers and the whites.
 No matter which way he looked, he was always on the outside--always
 fighting.
 
 
 “Grandfather taught me to work hard. No one can be tougher than
 Grandfather.
 
 Mr. Hansen, I’ll do my best. I work hard and I fight hard--better than
 any Irishman I ever met.”
 
 
 “Well, Johnny, if you can back up those bold words, more power to you.
 I’m sending you down to meet Patrick O’Malley, your new foreman. He’s
 over at the crew house across from the locomotive repair barn. Take this
 slip with you.”
 
 
 The superintendent signed the slip of paper he had been filling in as he
 and Johnny spoke, then handed it to the new hiree.
 
 
 “This is your notice of hire by the company.”
 
 
 “Good luck, Johnny,” George Brown said as he showed him out the door of
 the inner office. Hansen returned to reading his reports on the desk
 without saying another word.
 
 
 Patrick O’Malley was sitting with several other burly men at a rough,
 hand-built table in the mess hall across from the bunkhouse. He looked
 up from his breakfast when he saw the Indian enter the room. Johnny
 handed O’Malley the paper Hansen had given him.
 
 
 “Fellows, look at this half-breed fellow who thinks he’s good enough to
 work with us Irishmen.”
 
 
 The other men looked at the half-breed and then at each other and began
 to laugh. Johnny looked straight into the eyes of O’Malley.
 
 
 “Just tell me where to begin.”
 
 
 “Fair enough, Mr. Gadanski. You have a nick-name?”
 
 
 “Call me Gakona. Johnny Gakona.”
 
 
 “Okay, Johnny Gakona. You’ll be leaving with me on a gas-powered speeder
 for Cascade Station tomorrow. O’Riley here will bring you over to the
 repair barn and get you started learning the ropes. Tomorrow you’ll want
 your gear ready to go for the ride down the tracks. Shaun O’Riley, this
 is Johnny Gakona.
 
 
 “Listen, the Cordova Local will be coming in about three hours from now,
 so go with Shaun as soon as he’s done eating. We have work to do before
 the train arrives. We can use your help today. It’ll be a busy one. Grab
 yourself some coffee and wait for Shaun.”
 
 
 
 It sounded good to me. Not as bad as I had imagined, but it felt strange
 to be among this group of men with their odd-sounding accents and the
 loathsome way they had of looking at me. But I was as ready as I could
 be. I took an empty cup off the counter and filled it. It would be my
 third cup that day.
 
 .
 
 About eleven thirty the first whistle could be heard from some point
 toward the east across the river. Soon a heavy load of ore would be
 pulling in on a doubleheader. Local No. 70 was pulling a long line of
 steel flatcars stacked high with 200-pound sacks of ore concentrate.
 Number 100 was steamed up and ready to meet the train at the Kotsina
 siding to assist in bringing the full load up the river bank and into
 the Chitina railroad yard.
 
 
 
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 Overland Hotel, Chitina, 1913   --Candy Waugaman
 Hotel
 
 
 
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 Only the year before, the railroad was still using the older and smaller
 consolidation engines on the mainline. The first of the larger Mikados
 had not yet arrived. The ore trains pulled by the lighter-weight
 consolidations were invariably double-headers, while the much more
 powerful 70-series Mikado-type locomotives eliminated the need for
 running two engines hooked together, except for the run between Chitina
 to the top of Kotsina hill and the other heavy grade from McCarthy to
 Kennecott.
 
 
 The Chitina railroad crew would be switching cars and locomotives, since
 No. 70 would meet Mainline No. 72 for the continuation to Cordova.
 
 
 
 What a thrill. Now I was
 truly a part of the railroad. I was working for the company
 today on my own--not as part of a larger Native crew.
 Behind the station, the engineer had Kennecott Special No. 74 steamed up
 and ready. The private train would have to wait until the Bonanza ore
 train had arrived.
 
 
 
 Activity at the depot and repair barn was already in full swing. The
 sound of the whistle from No. 70 was getting louder.
 
 
 
 
 
 
|  | I could hear the rumble which told me that it must now be crossing the long trestle at
 the Copper River--only minutes away from arriving at the Chitina
 station. Soon I would meet my first train as a railroad man--a
 Native railroad man.
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