06 February 2011

Chapter 31: "Departing the Camp," Pt 1


Erie View 13
A final view of
Erie.  This was the original section of the bunkhouse,
built in 1916.   --Simpson files
   
         
 The Indian team completed the work on the Erie barracks in five days--well ahead of
the time anyone had estimated for completing the work. 
          
“It’s over, Cap.  Now we have to decide if we’re staying.  If it’s all right
with you, I’d like to check on Dad.  If he’s okay, I want to stay on
here for a while.”
          
“I’m ready to work another month here.  Maybe more.  It’s been easy to live
here since I knocked Sharkey down.  They’d rather try to beat us on the
table.  By my count, Sla’cheen, we’re still ahead.”
          
“We’ve got some good competition, but we’re still the team to beat, Cap. 
Better to be known as billiards champs than as the men to fight.  I
think they know about your boxing match, even though no one has said
anything.”
          
“Maybe it’s better that way.”
          
“I’m going down the hall to Eldon’s office to see if he can phone camp for
me.  He wants a decision from us tonight, since all we have left to do
is disassemble the scaffolding and do the other cleanup work.”
          
“I’ve got this book one of the men loaned me that I want to read tonight. 
I’ll be here, Sla’cheen.”
          
“Really ?  What’ve you got?”
          
The Iron Trail.  It’s about our very own railroad, except the author
calls it the Salmon River and Northwestern Railway.  Imagine
that.  We’re so far from anything else, who’d have thought someone would
write a novel about our railroad?  We’re not even close to Anchorage or
Fairbanks or even Juneau.”
          
“Let me see that.  Rex Beach?  Never heard of him.  Hmm . . . it says  ‘The
raging elements--uncontrollable torrents and massive approaching
glaciers--were not the only enemies in Alaska at the turn of the century . . .’

I’ll say.  If they only knew.  I may have to stick around camp just so I can read this
book you borrowed.  Got to go see the foreman.”
          
The foreman’s office and adjoining living quarters were on the south end of
the building on the same floor. 
          
“Johnny ! What can I do for you this evening ? Have you two decided if you want
to stay on ?”
          
“Could you get ahold of Dad for me ?  I need to know his condition before I
decide anything.”
          
“Oh, yes.  Certainly.  I’ll call down to the office and get back with you. 
You’ll be in your room ?”
          
“Yes.  I’ve got to write a letter to Mom.”
          
“Very fine.  I’ll get back to you when I have him on the line.”
          
Johnny returned to the room to find Cap concentrating on the novel.
         
“There don’t seem to be any Indians in this, but I’m working through it
anyway.  Mostly it seems to take place around the great bridge at
forty-nine mile.”
          
“I’m
waiting to hear back from Eldon.  He’s phoning down to the office to see
if someone can find Dad.”



Kennecott miner
Kennecott
miner hard at work.  --UAF Archives
         
He sat down on his lower bunk and began to write to Helen Nicolai.

         
Dear Mom,
         
Whoever is reading this, make sure it is brother Charles.  This is
family business. I know I haven’t written since we arrived at Kennecott. 
We thought we were leaving, but we have new work at Erie.  You
don’t want to know.  Cap is doing fine.  Tell his father Cap
is okay.  Dad is not doing well at all.  I wrote you that he
wanted to buy his own cabin.  I think he should live with you in
grandfather’s old place.  He needs you to take care of him.  I
told him you would.  We will bring him back with us when we come
home.  It should be soon now.
         
Love, your son . . .

         
There was a knock at the door.  It was Eldon.
         
“Johnny, I have Frank on the phone.  He wants to talk to you.”
         
Johnny hurried the brief distance down the hall to Eldon’s corner
office.  It contained two desks facing each other.  On top of
one of them were stacks of flattened engineering drawings of mine
workings.  The corner windows looked upon Root Glacier and Donohoe
Peak, but it was too dark to see anything except the last light in an
ever-darkening sky. 
         
“Frank, is that you?  You have Dad there?  Would you put him
on ?”
         
“Dad, good to hear your voice.  You’re doing fine ?  Are you
sure ?  I’m done with the job here, but . . . Oh, you know already. 
That’s fine with you ? Will you be okay for a little longer ? Take care
of yourself, Dad. We’ll be down soon.  I’ll call you again.  I
already wrote Mom we’re coming home soon.”
         
“He says he’s okay, Mr. Johnson.  Says he wants me to continue up
here, if that’s what I want.  I need to talk with Cap one more
time, then I’ll let you know.”



Erie Profile
A profile view of
the Erie section of the Kennecott mine system centering on the
Erie incline shaft. The main levels were the 100 level (top),
300 level, 600 level (near the middle) and the 1050 level at the
bottom of the mine. That level connected to the Mother Lode mine
and was non-productive. Most of the ore centered on the 300 to
the 600 levels.   --Simpson files, courtesy of Ray
Kreig
         
 

The men had been at work two weeks working in the new Erie incline shaft
at the 300 level.  Frank Buckner had already been reassigned to the
Jumbo to continue his mineral evaluations along the new cross-cut
tunnel. He was in barracks No. 2 when the phone call came.
         
“Frank, this is Bill.  I have bad news.  Emil Gadanski is in
the hospital.  Gillespie does not expect him to survive.  Not
much time.  Better notify his son immediately. You’ll need to
escort him back to camp.  Don’t call him, go there and bring him
back. Yes, bring Cap too. Thanks, Frank.”
         


Chapter 30: "The Erie Job," Pt 2


Erie View 10
Early 1970s photo
of the abandoned Erie Mine by Stu Rothman
          
“I’d say that he’s the real voice of the mine, Sla’cheen.  That’s a
dangerous man, there.  Whatever we do, we need to stay clear of him.”
          
“I think you’re right.  He must be the real power around here.”
         
“Where’s Bill?  He left already?  I thought he wanted to talk.”
          
“He talked.  He left.”
          
“Oh.  Well, here are the old original plans.  As you can see, it was a very
small barracks.  It looks more suitable for a small family operation
than that of  Kennecott. The barrack has been enlarged to more than
triple its original size. It  measures about eighty feet by thirty-two. 
That’s the widest part on the kitchen end. As you can see, this is no
longer a small building.”
          
“This is more of a job than I had imagined.  It doesn’t seem to be as large as
these plans show it is.”
          
“It’s a substantial building.  I wanted you to understand just how big and
important your job is here.  Now let me show you from these drawings how
I want you to proceed.”
          
Eldon carefully laid out his plan for finishing the structure. After he
finished the three men climbed up to the roof.  The view up there was
dramatic. The glacier and ice fall were shockingly close.  The effect is
dizzying.
          
“I can readily see where some people would become very light-headed from this
vantage point.   Of course, neither Cap nor I have that problem.”
          
“Well, I do.  You can have this job.  I’m out of here.  See you downstairs.”
          
The Indians took a moment to appreciate the spectacular view, then we went
about their business.  A sharp gust blew over the roof.  It followed the
sheer wall from the glacier, much like an ocean wave moving along a
shallow sand bar rising out of the water.  It sent both men spinning. 
Cap caught Johnny before he slipped and pulled him down flat. 
          
“So much for appreciating the sheer beauty of this place, Cap.  This could
easily turn into something more like sheer terror. Look at that enormous
void in front of us.  I don’t feel quite as confident in myself as I did
before.  What about you, Cap?  Cap?”
          
Cap lay on his side on the roof, facing Johnny in silence, looking toward
the thousand feet of void.
          
“I thought I’d lost you for a moment, Sla’cheen.  You could have
rolled off the roof onto the rocks.  Not all the way down, I know.  But
it’s still two stories to those rocks.  It could have hurt you badly.”
          
“I’m fine, Cap. I don’t feel so fine.  But I’m okay. We can’t let one little
gust of wind unnerve us, can we?  What do you think Morris and others
like him would say if we gave up now?  Think they’d ever let any Indians
back in here? We’re stuck, Cap.  We’re really committed now.  You know
that.  Let’s get ourselves together and start the job.”
          
After taking some time to regain their courage, they began to survey the job. 
There were large canvass sheets to remove.  These were secured by nails
and wood strips. 
          
“Why do you suppose they didn’t just run the tarpaper while they were up
here, Cap?   It would have been almost as easy.  As it is, there’s a lot
of tarp to remove without letting the large pieces turn into wind sails
which could pull us off the roof and drop us into that chasm.”
          
“I don’t want to hear any more about that, Sla’cheen.”
          
“Why are you so unnerved, Cap.  You’re the one who stopped me from
rolling off this roof, remember?  I’m fine.  You take it easy.  We’ll
get past this.
           
Looks like two or three days, if weather permits,  to run the tar paper rolls
and properly secure this roof.  Then we’re off of it.
          
“As for the walls,  I’d say less than a week to complete that part,
including disassembling the scaffolding.  Cap, why don’t you go down
and  begin slinging the tar paper, lath sticks and nails so I can begin
hoisting them up.”
          
The sound of the dinner bell interrupted the work.
         
“Should we head down now, Sla’cheen?”
          
“I’ve had enough of this, Cap.  Let’s save it for tomorrow.  We have enough
hoisted up there to give us a good start.”
          
The two came off the single-story ladder to the center door of the main
floor.  It led directly into the dining area.   The two entered the chow
line. One of the larger men approached Cap and revealed his bias without
leaving any doubt. 
          
“This is no place for you sissy siwash boys. They call me Sharkey, because I
eat crumbs like you for breakfast.  Why don’t you go back to your igloo
or teepee where you belong?” 
         
Sharkey knocked Cap off his feet.  Johnny grabbed Cap, before he
landed.  Cap recovered his balance and immediately knocked the much
larger man to his knees.  Johnny looked around quickly to see if he
would have to help Cap fight his way out of this. Everyone else stood
still, completely stunned. The man jumped uncertainly to his feet, only
to find himself once again on the floor.  This time he was down on his
back. Then came the booming words from Eldon.
         
“Sharkey, you jackass.  Hey, guys,  these Indians are my men.  I
hired them.  You mess with them, you’ll answer to me. Pick yourself up,
Sharkey,  and get off my site.   I won’t put up with this kind of
behavior from anyone.  The rest of you men,  back off.   If any of you
have a problem with these two men, you have a real problem with me. 
Sharkey, you’re fired.  Get out of here.  I’ll call for a wagon to pick
you up. Head down that tram line and start walking back to main camp. 
Anyone else want to challenge me?”
          
The room was completely silent, as it had been since Cap effortlessly
brought Sharkey down twice.  Johnny relaxed slightly, hoping that this
was going to be the end of it.  The other men returned to the food line.
One of them walked up to Cap.
         
“Look, I don’t know you or what you’re about.  Most of us are not like
Sharkey.  Don’t think we’re all like that jerk.”
         
Another man came up and reached out to shake Cap’s hand.
          
“I don’t know you either, but you sure can take care of yourself.  Let me
shake your hand.  I’m Avery, glad to meet you. You’re that boxer, aren’t
you?”
          
Cap silently nodded, shook Avery’s hand, picked up his tray and joined
Johnny in the food line.
          
“I wish I had a chance at him.”
          
“Well, you didn’t Johnny.  That one was mine.  I guess it was just my turn this
time.  Maybe next time it will be yours. ”
          
Avery sat next to them.  He introduced himself to Johnny.
          
“So where are you guys from?”
          
Cap did not want to talk. Johnny answered.
          
“Cap and I are from Chitina.  We’re closely related and have worked together
a long time. We resent being told where we’re not welcome since we don’t
recall any of our people inviting any of you people up
here.   We will both be happy if none of you show such disrespect for us
again. 
          
“One other thing.  We’re not here to make friends with anyone.  We’re here to
work.  That’s it.  Thank you for telling us that you’re somehow
different from Sharkey, but that is something which remains to be seen. 
Now if you’ll excuse us, we’d like to eat alone.  We always eat alone.”



Erie View 12
Erie Mine upper
tram and adit   --NPS files
          
After dinner, the two found themselves assigned to their own room.
          
“These men are not with us, Sla’cheen.
          
“I know. I suspect that many of these men are only dimly aware that they’ve
trampled all over Indian ground. Yet they would continue to treat us
like we don’t belong here.”
         
“You’re right, Johnny.  We’re not here to make friends.”
          
“You made the point for both of us, Cap.”
          
“No Sla’cheen, you just did.”
          
“I didn’t want to listen to that guy Avery, or answer his stupid
questions.”
          
“What do you think now about working in the mines after our job is finished
here, Cap.”
          
“None of this changes how I see things.  If you want to stay, I’ll back you
up.  If you want to go, then it’s time to go. You know that.  I’d like
to get back to Chitina,  but even more than that, I want to let those
white men know they can’t run us off. I want them to understand we’re as
good or better than any of them.  That’s why we’re here, Sla’cheen
How many times have we gone over this?”
          
“We need to go over this every time, just to be sure of ourselves, Cap.  I
don’t want it to look like we’re backing down, either.  If you’re
willing to stay on, I’d like to give it a try. 
          
“One thing Eldon proved is that he will back us up.  That is, as long as that
guy Jim Morris doesn’t find out. Since we’re this far along, I’d like to
stay longer.  We’ll never have this chance again.  There’s still time to
think about it. It looks like it’ll take about a week or more to finish
laying that heavy tarpaper.”
          
“Don’t trust Eldon, or Frank, or anyone else.  You should know better by now,
Sla’cheen. It’s a good thing no one wanted to back Sharkey.  We
were badly outnumbered, by about two-dozen to two, I’d say.”
         
“I was about ready to wade into it with you, regardless.  I think we could have
given them a good run for their money.”
          
“I know that.  But this is getting a little old.  I feel like I’m always at
war out here, even when everyone seems to be friendly.  I just can’t
quite trust them.  They don’t understand us or even care.  Maybe  that’s
the worst part.  Sometimes it’s like we’re not even there.”
          
“We’re the first and only ones here, Cap They don’t know how to take us.  We
knew that when we left the railroad for the mines.”
          
Johnny slept only with great difficulty that night.  He was finding the
situation greatly disturbing.  It would be only too easy to call it
quits.  In the bunk across the small room he could hear Cap sleeping as
though nothing upsetting had happened. 

         
Cap’s ability to handle almost anything always amazes me. I am blessed.
Here I am with the one person who is always there with his quiet
friendship.   We don’t say much between us, but we know how to talk to
each other silently.  Cap keeps me sane in this strange world.  But now
I have to wonder why I’m here, always putting my sla’cheen at risk for
me.  I must be out of my mind.
          I
wonder if Rose will be there for me like Cap has always been.  I’ll find
out soon enough. No matter what happens, our time up here is definitely
limited.  I know Cap is just about fed up with it. I don’t want to push
him too far.
           I
want to see Rose and stay with her and make her part of my life.  But
when I really think about it, I don’t know one thing she had said or did
which tells me she really feels the same way about me.  Maybe I’m just
chasing rainbows.

          
Then Johnny began reflecting on an earlier part of his life. He thought of
Maggie, a stunning girl from the village of Eyak. She had tried for so
long to live with him in Chittyna, even though he had  acted much too
brash, fooling  around while pretending that their relationship was
exclusive.  He had a daughter by her who carried the same name as her
mother, but Maggie tired of living among his people.  
          
The Chittyna village Natives never really accepted Maggie.  She finally had
enough of Johnny’s wandering ways as well as the hostility of his
people.  She gave up and moved back to her mother’s home in Eyak, taking
Johnny’s daughter with her.

         
Grandfather told me that I would lose Maggie and my daughter if I did’nt
take care of them properly.  I guess I got what I deserved.
          All
this thinking is getting me nowhere and keeping me awake.  Maybe that’s
why I’m really here in this remote place away from home.   Could it be 
I’m not here so much to prove a point as to run from myself?  Am I
really running from my own foolishness?   Now I have Cap involved.  He
trusts me completely.  I don’t deserve that kind of loyalty.  I don’t
want to hurt him as well.   I know he has stuck with me when he’d rather
just pack up and leave.   Maybe it really is time to leave.

         
Cap startled Johnny  by suddenly sitting up in his bed.  Johnny thought he
was sleeping.  It was too dark in the room to see anything but the dark
form of Cap as he spoke.  His black outline and even his strong, low
voice eerily reminded Johnny of Schee-ya Nicolai.
          
Sla’cheen, I can hear you thinking too loudly. Stop it. Don’t worry. Go to sleep.
Everything will be all right.  I’m still here.  Nicolai told us as long
as we’re together, we’ll be strong and safe. They can’t beat us as long
as they’re we are one.  Just like they can’t beat our people as long as
they are one. I’m your sla’cheen. I won’t let you down.”



Erie View 8
A black bear
peaks into the Erie dining hall.   --McCarthy-Kennicott
Museum


Chapter 30: "The Erie Job"


Erie View 7
Erie Mine area,
photo taken in May, 2001 by George Johnston
 
“Look up the slope, Johnny.  It’s way up there.”
         
“You’re right, Cap.  The snow looks like it’s still a long way up there.
I don’t see any of it down here.”
         
“It was blowing all over the place this morning.  Couldn’t see a darn thing
over at Jumbo.”
          
“Whoa ! Didn’t hear you come up behind us.  You gave me a start !”
         
“Name’s Morris.  Bill Morris.  I watched you guys come up the tram. 
Heard you were coming.  Wanted to meet you for myself.”
          
“Bill Morris?  I’m Johnny Gadanski.  This is my cousin, Cap Goodlataw.”
          
“How’d you hear of us?”
          
“Let’s just say that your reputation precedes you. I’m sure you two want to eat
something before getting started.  Let me show you in.”
          
“The older man took the lead down the narrow, covered walkway to the north
entrance.
          
“We enter here. This door leads directly into  the recreation area.”
          
The three men entered a room which was dominated by a billiards table.
          
“To the right is the stairway up to the barracks rooms while the hallway
straight ahead leads into the mess hall.  Come on in.”
          
The room was well-lit due to the large number of windows facing the glacier.
It contained four tables.  A man of about the same age as Morris was
seated alone in the mess hall looking over some engineering drawings. 
As they entered the room he looked at the three and stood up.
         
“Bill.  Didn’t know you were in the area.  I see you’ve brought me my
new crew.”
          
“Ran into them on the walkway, Eldon.  Figured I’d show ‘em in.”
          
“I’ve been expecting you two.  Welcome to Erie--the smallest and, I hope, 
friendliest camp of the Kennecott group.  My name is Eldon Johnson, and
I’m both camp manager and mine foreman here. The man who led you in is
our general mine manager, Bill Morris.”


Google Earth image
Google-Earth view
of the Kennecott mines, including the tram lines. Inset is a
historic colorized panorama photo of Kennecott.
          
“You didn’t tell us who you were.  You’re not one of the mine workers, then?”
          
“Oh no.  I work directly under the engineers.  But I came up through the
ranks like most everyone here, including Eldon.
          
“I’m Johnny Gadanski and this is Cap Goodlataw.”
         
“Yes, I’ve heard plenty about you two.”
         
“That’s what Mr. Morris said.”
          
“Yes.  Well, the head carpenter is gone.  There hasn’t been one here since
July,  so you are the entire crew.  All that remains to be done
here involves adding the tar paper to the exterior walls and roof.   We
just have a tarp over the roof. We need that replaced first.  Due to the
heavy gusts up here, you’ll want to exercise some care up there.  Check
for winds first before going up the ladder. Long ways down, you know. 
Once the roof’s done you’ll be rolling tar paper over the new walls all
the way around.  I’m told you can handle that yourselves.”
          
“You mean there’s no foreman to oversee us?”
          
“Just me, Johnny.  It’s simple enough work.  Most men dont’ want to work up
there, though.”
          
“We’ve done this kind of work before.  Nothing to it.  Just point us in the
right direction and we’ll have the job done and be on our way out of
here. ”
          
“Very well, I’ll leave it to you, then.   The scaffolds are still out there in
place where the last crew left them.  When you’ve finished the work,
you’ll need to disassemble them and leave the lumber in the large
storage shed.  You’ll notice that we’re not building this structure to
be anything more than a temporary barrack.”
         
“Sounds fine to us, but can we at least eat first before getting
started?”
          
“Oh, yes, Cap, sorry to make you wait.   I believe the cook has already set
aside some lunch for you.   I’ll go back into the kitchen and check. 
Dinner is only a couple hours away, however.”
         
“Thanks, we’re ready to eat now. It’s been a long day without lunch.
We’re used to eating on a late schedule, anyway, right Sla’cheen?”
          
“We always ate after everyone else at Green Butte.  They were okay over
there, but we prefer to stick to ourselves.  We’ll respect them if they
respect us.”
          
The cook set out the two meals for the Indians while the four men sipped
coffee at the table.  Eldon gave a brief background of Erie Mine as they
ate.
          
“We opened this mine in 1916, running a very limited tonnage of ore through
the tram and hauling it over that rough wagon road to the mill. We found
that arrangement very unsatisfactory after three years of small
production.  It was only the opening of the 12,000 foot haulage tunnel
to the Jumbo incline shaft which will finally make  this a real mine.”
          
Bill Morris continued the explanation.
          
“Until now the Erie’s  been more of a prospect hole. The difference between a
prospect and a mine is that a mine produces.   Now we’re finally
beginning to develop this end because we can move large amounts of ore
down our new haulage tunnel to the Jumbo incline where we can hoist it
to the surface.  In the process of drilling out the cross-cut tunnel, we
developed four new ore bodies on the main level.  The cross-cut is also
the main level for Erie, though it’s the 1,500 foot level of Jumbo.
          
“Quite a difference in elevation, isn’t it?  Jumbo upper camp is 1,500 feet
higher than this camp.  It’s sitting in the white stuff over there.
Snowed heavily last night.



Erie View 9
Erie overlooking
Root & Kennicott Glaciers   --Anchorage Museum of
History &  Art
          
“Now we’re driving an incline tunnel on this end to follow the contact zone
where we ordinarily find the ore.  It’s a thirty-degree incline, like
the ones at Jumbo and Bonanza. So far we’ve made it to the 300 level of
Erie.  There’s definitely some rich ore down there.   This is why we had
to enlarge this Erie barracks to a size which can support a mine force
of about thirty men.  Douglass wants to turn this into a full-fledged
mining operation now that the larger ones are almost played out.”
         
Eldon took up the narrative.
          
“Our schedule was altered by the big fire.  We only reopened a few days ago. 
This mine has no priority because it is considered only of secondary
value,  but you can see for  yourselves that we  are nearly done with
the facility.   We have finished laying the track down the new crosscut,
so we’re ready to deliver ore once we start developing some of the veins
we’ve located.   A new battery-powered locomotive is set to run the two
miles over to the Jumbo where the ore can be trammed to the surface and
then sent down the Jumbo aerial tram to the mill for processing.
         
“Actually, I can use more miners than I’ve got on hand.  If you want to
make yourselves available after finishing your carpenter work here, I
can sure use you.  I’m told you did stope drilling at Green Butte.”
          
Cap’s ordinarily expressionless face showed considerable surprise.  Johnny’s
jaw dropped open.
          
“Well, sir, actually we were planning on leaving when the power plant job was
done.  This offer of yours is a complete surprise. We’d already been
told yesterday that we were being laid off.   Then someone extended our
time at Kennecott long enough to finish this last piece of unfinished
barracks work.
          
“Now you’ve presented us with an offer for work which we tried to get when we
first arrived here, but we’ve already made plans for returning home to
Chitina.   We’ll give your offer some thought. Thanks for asking us.”
          
“Do you usually speak for both of you, Johnny?”
          
Cap responded to the question.
          
“We’ve been a team since our railroad days back in 1916, working off and on
first for the railroad, then as guides and back to working maintenance
on  the railroad before going on to Green Butte.  We finally arrived
here in mid-August  because Kennecott needed more help to build their
new power plant.  We worked as a team from the beginning. We came as a
team and we’ll leave as one.  It’s worked out well for us this way.
Johnny usually speaks for both of us.”
         
“That’s fine with me, as long as you agree, Cap.  I want you two to
seriously consider my offer.  We’re critically short of labor up here.”
          
Cap asked the question which had never been honestly answered.
          
“Isn’t there a policy against hiring Indians for the mines?”
          
“Don’t know about that. No one ever told me anything about a no-Indian policy,
but it doesn’t concern me. I just want to get the job done here.  If
you’re willing, I want you here.  That’s my attitude.  I don’t care much
what the main office or anyone else thinks as long as I meet their
production expectations.”
          
Bill Morris sat listening to Eldon’s reply.  He nodded in silent agreement
and then watched in amusement at the apparent surprise of the two
Indians.  The two Indians finished eating in silence.
          
“Since it’s still early, we’ll head on outside now and survey the scaffolding
and see about getting our work underway.  Are those the new-addition
drawings you have there?”
          
“Yes, as a matter of fact.  It’s all here--the main floor, second floor where
the bunk rooms are located and the basement, which houses the heat
plant.  You can compare this 1924 drawing with the original 1916 plan I
have upstairs if you like.  In fact, I’ll show you.  Have some more
coffee and I’ll be right back with that older drawing.”
          
While he was away, Bill continued to sit at the table, sipping coffee.
          
“So you head all of the mines?”
         
“That’s right, son.  I’m considered part of management.  Now I have
something to tell both of you.  Listen carefully.
          
“I know about the fight. That was fine.  I understand why it happened.  It
better not happen here. The superintendent gave you a chance, but I
won’t.  Watch yourselves up here.  I’m not as nice as Douglass or
Buckner or any of those engineers. I have to go now.”
          
The large man stood up, turned and left without looking back.


Erie View 11
The Erie Mine,
showing the distinctive coloration that separates the Nicolai
Greenstone (dark) from the Chitistone Limestone formations,
otherwise known as the Contact Zone.   --UAF Archives

Chapter 29: Frank Argues the Point

     
Frank Buckie


Frank Buckie is patterned after the real-life junior engineer
Frank Buckner, seen in this photo just north of the mill in
1924. --Anchorage Museum of History & Art

Bill Douglass leaned back in his oak chair as he considered the argument
presented by Frank Buckner.  Frank sat on another oak chair across from
the wide desk.  Behind Bill the window looked down on track grade. 
There was a north-facing window which looked up the steep hill upon
which the mill sat. The south-facing window looked toward lower National
Creek.  It was mid-afternoon.  The sun had displaced the early coolness
and the frosty ground had thawed. Bill had earlier returned from a rare
visit to the west barrack where he had evaluated the condition of Emil Gadanski. 
          
“You’re right, Frank, Emil is very ill. No doubt about that.  We need to send
him home to Chitina.  That’s the home he claims. He says he wants to buy
a cabin there with the bonus I offered him.  He’s just waiting for the
two Indians to return from their short job at Erie.”
          
“I’d like to see his son Johnny and his friend Cap have a chance to work in
our mines first.  After all, I think that’s why they came here.  They’ve
certainly shown an interest in the work.”
          
“What? That’s the mines.  It’s the heart of who we are. I never agreed to
anything like that.”
          
“Those two men have proven themselves in a way I’ve rarely seen, though I have
to admit that I’ve not been an engineer all that long.  You have to
grant, sir, that they showed great initiative by going to work at John
Barrett’s Green Butte mine. They also displayed tenacity in sticking
with it until I sent the letter offering both of them employment here. 
We know that they can do mine work just as we know that they work jobs
few others want because of the raw physical dangers involved--especially
when it comes to heights.  If they were white, you’d want them to stay
on.  It’s not exactly like we have an excess of manpower here.”
          
“I see your point.  You have to appreciate that the company has always
discouraged the practice of hiring Indians for the mines themselves
because they don’t want these Natives to see just how rich our copper
reserves really are.  After all, we still hear about the bad deal
Nicolai got back in 1899--even after all these years.”
          
“But not from Nicolai.”
          
“No, not from Nicolai.  I asked Birch about it.  He seemed to know the chief
well.  He told me Nicolai never brought the matter up.”
          
“Who has, then?”
          
“No one directly.  But we have heard rumors that the new chief is not too happy
about the old deal.”
          
“You mean Goodlataw?”
          
“That’s him.”
          
“But, sir, it’s only rumor, right?  No one has contacted the company
directly?”

"That’s true, but look who we have here now.  Cap is Goodlataw’s son. Both young
men are grandsons of Nicolai.  I don’t like it.”
          
“Well, Mr. Douglass, neither man has complained to me about our mining
activities here.  I have spoken with both of them on this very matter.  
Johnny told me that as far as Nicolai was concerned, the copper was not
his nor anyone’s to give away. 
          
“The chief evidently extracted some other concessions from Birch because of
his concern about the railroad.  One of them is some arrangement for
free passage and another involves the hiring of Native work crews, which
I understand they do routinely.  The railroad even hired on a Chitina
Indian as a cook on the “Kennecott” observation car.
          
“Yes.  That would be Tom Bell. He does credit to himself serving the public
well on our railroad.  He seems to take considerable pride working for
us.”



Kennecott ore
“That’s what I’m trying to say.  These men are like Tom.  They’re here because
they take pride in what they do.  My point is that I don’t think the
Indians  see us as robbers of their treasures.  Not these two, anyway.
Neither of them voiced any such sentiment, though they seemed to resent
our pomposity  for presuming that we can tell the Indians  where they
can and  cannot go on their own lands.”
          
“I have to concede that our official policy toward the Native people is
arrogant, but I’d never tell any of them that, and  you better not,
either.”
          
“It is arrogant, Mr. Douglass.  It’s not just us, either. Johnny was
complaining that the territorial government has tried to regulate their
hunting and fishing activities.  I’m sure that must appear to be the
very height of high-handedness to them all.”
          
“As for our rich copper, it’s not like they haven’t noticed. The Indians  live
right along the tracks where trainload after trainload of our bagged ore
has passed for the last thirteen years.  How could any of them possibly
miss what we are  doing here?”
          
“I think that’s what finally got Chief Goodlataw’s attention, Frank.  I’m
quite sure he’s not happy with us.  I’m also convinced that his son Cap
is very much in agreement with his father.”
          
“Sir, we’ve worked for years with a hostile work force who’d like nothing
better than to unionize.  You’ve been very successful in keeping the
unions out of here.  What’s the difference?  The Indians don’t have to
agree with us to work here.  Many of the others certainly don’t.  The
foremen have shown me several socialist worker posters they’ve
confiscated.  We’ve proved we’re big enough to handle it. We take care
of everyone here, and they keep returning.  Even in our bad labor years
the company seems to make money. I say it’s time to get over this
official paranoia and give these Indians the same footing as all the
others.  We brought all those others in.  The Indians have always
lived here.  It’s only right.”
          
“Well, Frank, we don’t want to be known as arrogant and presumptuous do we?   I
know I certainly don’t.  This is a big step.  If I wasn’t in such good
standing with the company, I don’t think I’d do this.  But, I’ll take my
chances with the company.  After all, this remote camp of ours has  done
well for the company from the beginning. We’ve made them ungodly amounts
of money.  I’m sure they appreciate our efforts.”
          
“So you agree with me?”
          
“I’m starting to agree. Maybe it’s time to drop this archaic frontier
circle-the-wagons  mentality and do the right thing by these people.  If
only in this small way.”
          
“I’m very pleased to hear those words coming from you, sir.  I don’t believe
you’ll regret it.  Even if you do, it’s still the right thing.”



Kennecott engineers

The Kennecott engineers in the late 1930s.    
--Walter Richelesen photo
          
“Frank, I have to admit, that you standing in front of me with this compelling
argument of yours makes me almost feel ashamed of myself because you are
undeniably right.  I can’t presume to change our company.  But out here,
I am the company, especially now that manager Neiding no longer
lives here. I have to give you the credit for never backing down on what
you believe is right.” 
         
“Actually, sir, I’d rather you did not give me any credit.  I’d just as
soon let it appear to those two that they’re working in the mines for
the right reason, because they’re reliable and good at what they do. 
Cap does’t want to be what he calls a ‘cigar store Indian.’ I think he
means he’s no token.”
          
“You’re right, Frank. It’s probably better that neither of our names come up. 
We particularly don’t want the others to think we’re treating them in
any special way.”
          “
Actually, sir,  we’re not.  We’re finally treating them in the same way
as any man would expect is his due.  I recommend we act as though that
company policy of no-Indian hire never existed.”
          
“Very smart of you, Frank. Less to explain that way.  Very well. I’ll phone
Eldon at Erie camp and give him the go-ahead to hire the two Indians as
miners.  I know he needs the help, anyway.  We’re still short-handed. 
I’ve already offered jobs to all the temporary workers.”
          
“I didn’t know that.  You didn’t extend the offer to the Indians,
obviousy.”
“I did not.  Most of those temporaries turned down the mine work, anyway.”
          
Bill rang the combination of bells which signaled Erie. 
          
“I’m trying his office at the Erie first, Frank. He’s either there or
somewhere in the new tunnel, I’d think.
          
“Eldon !  Glad I caught you.  Yes this is Bill.  Listen.  I have two young men
I’m sending up your way to finish the work on the barrack.  They’re the
Natives we had on the job at the power plant.  Yes, the Natives, that’s
right.
          
“The fight?  Don’t know about any fight. You know about any fight, Frank? 
No, we don’t know about any fight down here, Eldon.”
          
“They did good work for us. Very good work.  That’s why I’m sending them on
up.
         
“Foreman?  Don’t need one to finish that job. You oversee the roof work
directly.  Those two don’t seem to need much direction. Show them what
you need done, and let them have at it.  Johnny usually takes charge. 
Yes, they seem to run themselves quite well.
“But that’s not why I called, Eldon. I want you to go one step further and
offer them work in the mines when they’re done with the barrack job.
          
“Yes, they both worked at Green Butte just before coming here.  I checked with
Barrett.  He spoke well of them.  Said he’d take them back anytime. 
They only quit that job when we offered them work here on the big power
plant project.  
          
“One thing.  Don’t tell them about this call.  Make it your idea. You just
tell them we’re short on miners.  They may not take the job because they
have other commitments, but I want you to offer it to them anyway.
          
“No, actually, it was Frank Buckner’s idea.  He talked me into it.  And he is
right.  I wish I could take the credit.  No.  Don’t mention either one
of us.  Keep us out of it.  Make it your idea.”
“Okay, Eldon, you’re doing fine work up there.  Keep it up.  We’ve got a busy
schedule to meet.  This will probably help.  Thanks a lot, Eldon.  See
you at Jumbo later this week.”
          
“No, Eldon, I’m not hanging you out to dry.  I’ll back you up.  You know
that.  Any union activity going on I should know about? None?  Good.
Yes, I’ll be up at the usual time.  See you over there, Eldon. Bye.”
          
The superintendent put down the phone.
          
“Well, you heard it.  They’re on.  We’re committed.  If there’s a screw-up, it
becomes Eldon’s fault, not ours.”
          
“You’d let Eldon take the blame if something went wrong?”
          
“Why not?  I’d keep him on, anyway.  That’s my call. He’s covered.  We’re
covered.  It works for me.  And it was your idea, Frank. Don’t you
forget that.  Consider your good judgment on the line.”
          
“I’m willing to accept that.  Leaving you out of it, I mean, if it came down
to that, sir.  Even if they didn’t work out, we did the  right thing.
          
“Did Birch ever suggest we consider hiring them?”
          
“No.  Never.  He never brought it up.  E.T. would never approve in any case. 
You should know that.  This is just us out here.”
          
“If Birch was really Nicolai’s friend, he would approve of this, sir.”
          
“Young man, you need to understand how big business works.  Considerations such
as friendships and other personal feelings should never get in the way
of business.  Not at the level of a world-wide corporation like ours. 
That’s reality. Get used to it.  Don’t ever assume what Birch would
approve of, either.  He’s always been a businessman ahead of everything
else. He believes in alliances, not friendships.  Don’t get soft on us
here.”
          
“You’re saying I’m too idealistic, sir?”
          
“I didn’t say that, son, but don’t let your professional judgment become
clouded by your youthful idealism.  I’m not even sure I’m following my
own advice to you by doing what I just did, but I’m giving you this one
anyway.
         
“There remains one other problem, Frank”
          
“Sir?”
         
“What are we to do about Emil?”




The office & staff house in front of the abandoned Kennecott
mill, as they appeared in the early 1950s   --Charlie
Ricci photo




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